RFID vs BLE vs UWB vs LoRaWAN vs GPS

There's no single "best" tracking technology — only the right one for your use case. This guide gives you an honest, engineering-level comparison to help you decide.

Quick Comparison Table

Feature Passive RFID BLE UWB LoRaWAN GPS
Range 1–12 m 10–100 m 10–50 m 2–15 km Global
Accuracy Zone-level 0.5–3 m 10–30 cm 50–1,000 m 3–10 m
Tag Cost S$0.07–15 S$8–30 S$20–60 S$15–50 S$30–200
Battery None 1–5 yrs 1–3 yrs 2–10 yrs Days–months
Indoor ✅ Excellent ✅ Excellent ✅ Excellent ⚠️ Limited ❌ No
Outdoor ⚠️ Limited ⚠️ Limited ⚠️ Limited ✅ Excellent ✅ Excellent
Bulk Read 100s/sec ~20/sec ~10/sec 1/device 1/device

Passive RFID (UHF)

Tags have no battery. They're powered by electromagnetic energy from the reader and reflect a signal back containing their unique ID.

Frequency: 860–960 MHz
Range: 1 – 12 m
Accuracy: Zone-level (which reader read it)
Tag Cost: S$0.07 – S$15
Battery Life: None needed (unlimited)
Infrastructure: Fixed readers + antennas at chokepoints
Best For: Inventory management, asset tracking, supply chain, warehouse management
Limitations: Requires reader infrastructure, no continuous tracking, affected by metal/liquid

BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy)

Battery-powered beacons broadcast signals picked up by BLE gateways. Signal strength (RSSI) or angle-of-arrival (AoA) determines position.

Frequency: 2.4 GHz
Range: 10 – 100 m
Accuracy: 1 – 3 m (RSSI) / 0.5 – 1 m (AoA)
Tag Cost: S$8 – S$30
Battery Life: 1 – 5 years
Infrastructure: BLE gateways every 20–30 m
Best For: Indoor positioning, personnel tracking, real-time location (RTLS), condition monitoring
Limitations: Battery replacement needed, less accurate than UWB, 2.4 GHz congestion

UWB (Ultra-Wideband)

Uses very short pulses across a wide frequency band. Time-of-flight measurements between tag and multiple anchors provide precise positioning.

Frequency: 3.1 – 10.6 GHz
Range: 10 – 50 m
Accuracy: 10 – 30 cm
Tag Cost: S$20 – S$60
Battery Life: 1 – 3 years
Infrastructure: UWB anchors with known positions, typically 4+ per zone
Best For: Precision indoor positioning, AGV/robot navigation, safety zones, high-value asset tracking
Limitations: Higher cost, dense anchor deployment, shorter range than BLE

LoRaWAN

Long-range, low-power wide-area network. Devices transmit small data packets to LoRa gateways over kilometres using chirp spread spectrum modulation.

Frequency: 920–925 MHz (Singapore)
Range: 2 – 15 km
Accuracy: 50 – 1,000 m (TDOA)
Tag Cost: S$15 – S$50
Battery Life: 2 – 10 years
Infrastructure: LoRa gateways (1 per km² urban)
Best For: Outdoor asset tracking, fleet monitoring, environmental sensors, smart city, agriculture
Limitations: Low accuracy, low data rate, not suitable for real-time indoor tracking

GPS / GNSS

Receives signals from orbiting satellites to calculate position. Requires clear sky view.

Frequency: 1.2 – 1.6 GHz
Range: Global (outdoor)
Accuracy: 3 – 10 m (standard) / 1 cm (RTK)
Tag Cost: S$30 – S$200
Battery Life: Days – months (depends on update rate)
Infrastructure: Cellular or satellite backhaul
Best For: Vehicle tracking, container tracking, outdoor fleet management, maritime
Limitations: Does not work indoors, high power consumption, subscription costs for cellular data

Which Technology Do You Need?

📦 "I need to track inventory / assets at checkpoints"

Passive RFID (UHF) — Lowest tag cost, highest bulk read speed, no batteries. Best for warehouses, supply chain, and asset management. See our warehouse solution.

📍 "I need real-time location of people or assets indoors"

BLE — Good balance of cost and accuracy for indoor positioning. Ideal for hospitals, offices, and large facilities. See our IoT tracking solution.

🎯 "I need sub-meter precision positioning"

UWB — Centimetre-level accuracy for AGVs, robotic navigation, safety zones, and high-value asset tracking.

🌏 "I need to track assets across large outdoor areas or cities"

LoRaWAN + GPS — Long range, low power. Best for fleet tracking, containers, environmental monitoring across Singapore.

🔄 "I need multiple technologies together"

Hybrid solution — Many deployments combine RFID + BLE, or RFID + GPS. Intensecomp specialises in multi-technology solutions through Inventrack, which unifies all tracking data in a single platform.

Why This Matters: Most Vendors Only Sell One Technology

Most RFID vendors in Singapore only offer passive RFID. If your problem needs BLE or UWB, they'll either try to force-fit RFID or refer you elsewhere.

Intensecomp offers all five technologies through a unified platform. We'll recommend the right technology for your use case — not just what we happen to sell. Our Inventrack platform integrates data from RFID, BLE, UWB, LoRaWAN, and GPS into a single dashboard, so you can deploy hybrid solutions without multiple vendors.

Not Sure Which Technology You Need?

Tell us what you're trying to track and where — we'll recommend the right technology and give you a realistic cost estimate.